Unique features of Fungi

Single celled Yeasts are some of the fungi species that reproduce by budding or binary fission as illustrated in the graphic bellow.

Responding to environmental conditions, some fungy can switch from a yeast phase into a hyphal phase, they are known as Dimorphic fungi. Examples are shown bellow:

Chitin and glucans  are found in the fungal cell wall; while  glucan  compounds are also found in plants and Chitin in the exoskeleton of arthropods,  only fungi combine these two molecular structures in their cell wall. 

fungal cell walls do not contain cellulose and that distinguishes them from plants and oomycetes.
 
Most fungi lack an efficient system for long distance transport of water and nutrients, such as the xylem and phloem in many plants. To overcome these limitations, some fungi, such as Armillaria, form rhizomorphs, that resemble and perform functions similar to the roots of plants.

Another characteristic shared with plants includes a biosynthetic pathway for producing terpenes that uses mevalonic acid and pyrophosphate as chemical building blocks.
However, plants have an additional terpene pathway in their chloroplasts, a structure fungi do not possess.
Fungi produce several secondary metabolites that are similar or identical in structure to those made by plants. 
Many of the plant and fungal enzymes that make these compounds differ from each other in sequence and other characteristics, which indicates separate origins and evolution of these enzymes in the fungi and plants.

Vocabulary
 Chitin. A fibrous substance consisting of polysaccharides and forming the major constituent in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi.
Glucan. A polysaccharide consisting of glucose units.
Cellulose. An insoluble substance that is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers such as cotton. It is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers.
Terpene. Any of a large group of volatile unsaturated hydrocarbons found in the essential oils of plants, esp. conifers and citrus tree.
Chloroplasts.  A plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
Metabolite. A substance formed in or necessary for metabolism.
Enzymes.  A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
Oomycetes. They are filamentous, microscopic, absorptive organisms that reproduce both sexually and asexually. Oomycetes occupy both saprophytic and pathogenic lifestyles – and include some of the most notorious pathogens of plants, causing devastating diseases such as late blight of potato and sudden oak death 
Xylem. The vascular tissue in plants that conducts water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root and also helps to form the woody element in the stem.
Phloem . The vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.
Rhizomorphs. A rootlike aggregation of hyphae in certain fungi.