These materials were taken from the FAO Website from a program called Mushroom cultivation for people with disabilities
http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/ab497e/ab497e07.htm#TopOfPage
1. Prepare materials:
- Plastic bags (polypropylene 7” x 12.5”)
- Plastic necks (about 4 cm diameter)
- Cotton plugs Cover filters (square piece of filter paper)
- Rubber bands Sawdust (cover top of substrate pile with rice sacks to maintain humidity)
- Rice bran
- Calcium sulfate
- Calcium carbonate
- Magnesium sulfate
Note: Substrate is the material used to grow mushrooms. This material or substrate is a mixture of all ingredients or “food” necessary for mushrooms to develop. Although sawdust is the most common and easy to use basic material for making mushroom substrate bags, other alternate and sometimes lower cost materials can be used. For example, in Asia, because of intense rice cultivation, rice straw can be used since straw is readily available in most rural areas. Because of its lower cost (and local availability) it may be better suited as a substrate than sawdust. Furthermore, rice straw generally generates higher yield and better quality mushrooms; both texture and taste of mushrooms are improved when using straw instead of sawdust. Nevertheless, straw needs to be prepared before use requiring harder work, and fermentation for a period of 9 - 12 days.
2. Preparing rice straw as substrate:
Put straw in grinder to reduce its size. Soak paddy straw 100 Kg. With water and mix with urea 1-2 % by weight, ferment for 3 days. Turn over the pile, then mix with 2% lime and ferment it again 3 days. Turn over the pile again, mix with 0.2% magnesium sulfate, and ferment 3 more days. The last turn over makes the straw readily composted for using as substrate. Check moisture and for a urea smell. If there is no urea smell and the moisture is 65-75%, the substrate is ready for packing. If there is some urea smell, it is necessary to ferment further until there is no more smell. Then pack in size 8” x 12” PP. Bags.
3. Substrate preparation
| 100 kg | Sawdust |
Add to sawdust
| 5 kg | Rice bran |
| 2 kg | Calcium sulfate |
| 1 kg | Calcium carbonate |
| 0.2 kg | Magnesium sulfate |
| 0-1 kg | Sugar |
Note: Substrate recipe should serve as a reference. Recipe can be changed by adding some rice flour, sticky rice flour, corn flour, cassava peels, cotton waste, Soya-bean residue, and other nutritious agricultural waste. In cool climates, it is possible to use additives or complementing materials up to 20%. Beware: for hot climatic zones, do not use more than 7.5% additives. (If rice straw, recipe needs to be modified as above mentioned)
4. Weigh all components using scale.
5. Mix well all ingredients in mixer or manually using shovels or paddles
6. Add water to keep moisture content between 65-75 %.
7. Make sure all ingredients are well mixed and that there are no lumps.
8. Sitting on floor, fill plastic bags with substrate using small shovel.
9. Compact substrate by hitting bags with empty bottle, hand.
10. Place plastic ring on bag
11. Pull out top of bag through plastic neck.
12. Fold-down on plastic ring.
13. Tie with rubber band.
14. Introduce stick with pointed head through plastic neck of bag to make hole almost to the bottom of the bag; DO NOT TOUCH BOTTOM of bag.
15. Check weight of bags (should be between 800-1000 grams per bag)
16. Prepare plastic caps to close bags by adding cotton.
17. Close bags with plastic caps.
Transfer bags to pasteurization chamber.
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